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cocos2d-x学习笔记(7)--动作(Actions)

来源：未知责任编辑：智问网络发表时间:2013-10-07 00:58　点击:次

cocos2d-x学习笔记(7)--动作(Actions)
动作在cocos2d-x中可以说是精华部分（不是说其它的不好，而是这一部分内容特别丰富！！），作为重中之重，我们会分几个阶段来学习，先从简单的动作开始，然后通过组合简单的动作形成复杂动作。
一下就是我们将会用到的主要函数，函数有些多，但不一定全部要学，可以根据自己的需要来由选择性的学习。
1.Manual Transformation
2.MoveTo / MoveBy
3.RotateTo / RotateBy
4.JumpTo / JumpBy
5.Blink
6.FadeIn / FadeOut
7.Tint
8.Animation
9.Sequence: Move + Rotate
10.Sequence of InstantActions

step1:创建一个cocos2d-win32 application，并命名为action;
以下是我将用到的图片素材：

step2:

首先，定义一些如下常量和变量：
[cpp]
static int index = 1;//浏览到第几个动作
const int MAX_INDEX = 10;//总共要展示的动作种类数目

enum
{
    MANUAL_ACTION = 1,
    MOVE_ACTION,
    ROTATE_ACTION,
    JUMP_ACTION,
    BLINK_ACTION,
    FADE_ACTION,
    TINT_ACTION,
    ANIMATE_ACTION,
    SEQUENCE_ACTION_1,
    SEQUENCE_ACTION_2
};
创建一个基本的动作类（仅仅包含三个操作按钮），然后让其他的动作类继承此基础类，可以减少重复写按钮操作函数。
在HelloWorldScene.h中添加如下动作类：
[cpp]
class BasicActions:public CCLayer
{
protected:
    CCSprite* m_player;

public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual void onExit();

    virtual std::string title();

    void nextMenuCallback(CCObject* pSender);
    void backMenuCallback(CCObject* pSender);
    void restartMenuCallback(CCObject* psender);
};

//manual action
//基本的动作
class ActionManual:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//move action
//对象移动操作
class ActionMove:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//rotate action
//旋转动作
class ActionRotate:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//jump action
//跳跃动作
class ActionJump:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//blink action
//闪烁动作
class ActionBlink:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//fade action
//淡化动作
class ActionFade:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//tint action
//着色动作
class ActionTint:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//animate action
//动画（由帧组成）
class ActionAnimate:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//sequence action1
//连贯动作
class ActionSequence:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();
};

//sequence action2
//连贯动作，带有事件响应
class ActionSequence2:public BasicActions
{
public:
    virtual void onEnter();
    virtual std::string title();

public:
    void callback1();
    void callback2();

};
由于在点击“back”、“next”两个按钮时会进行背景的切换，以更换动作：为了方便操作，我在HelloWorldScene.cpp中添加了一个函数用于操作对应动作类的创建：
[cpp]
CCLayer* runThisTest(int index)
{
    CCLayer* pLayer = NULL;

    switch (index)
    {
    case MANUAL_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionManual(); break;

    case MOVE_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionMove();break;

    case ROTATE_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionRotate();break;

    case JUMP_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionJump();break;

    case BLINK_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionBlink();break;

    case FADE_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionFade();break;

    case TINT_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionTint();break;

    case ANIMATE_ACTION:
        pLayer = new ActionAnimate();break;

    case SEQUENCE_ACTION_1:
        pLayer = new ActionSequence();break;

    case SEQUENCE_ACTION_2:
        pLayer = new ActionSequence2();break;
    }

    return pLayer;
}
在runThisTest函数中index用来标记当前处于那个背景，以便创建响应的动作，这里我把BasicAction类中的成员函数定义罗列出来，方便大家理解runThisTest函数的用法：
[cpp]
void BasicActions::onEnter()
{
    CCLayer::onEnter();

    CCSize size = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize();

    //添加基本角色
    m_player = CCSprite::spriteWithFile("player.png");
    m_player->retain();//此处涉及到指针等内存管理机制，目前暂不展开做详细讨论，之后我会做一个专题来讲解这方面的知识
    m_player->setPosition(ccp(size.width/2, size.height/2));
    addChild(m_player, 1);

    //添加标题
    std::string strTitle = title();
    const char* ptitle = strTitle.c_str();
    CCLabelTTF* pLabel = CCLabelTTF::labelWithString(ptitle, "Arial", 30);
    pLabel->setPosition(ccp(size.width/2, size.height-40));
    addChild(pLabel);

    //添加基本按钮
    CCLabelTTF* pNextLabel = CCLabelTTF::labelWithString("Next ", "Arial", 30);
    CCLabelTTF*pBackLabel = CCLabelTTF::labelWithString("Back ", "Arial", 30);
    CCLabelTTF*pRestartLabel = CCLabelTTF::labelWithString("Restart ", "Arial", 30);

    CCMenuItemLabel* pNextItem = CCMenuItemLabel::itemWithLabel(
        pNextLabel, this, menu_selector(BasicActions::nextMenuCallback));
    CCMenuItemLabel* pBackItem = CCMenuItemLabel::itemWithLabel(
        pBackLabel, this, menu_selector(BasicActions::backMenuCallback));
    CCMenuItemLabel* pRestartItem = CCMenuItemLabel::itemWithLabel(
        pRestartLabel, this, menu_selector(BasicActions::restartMenuCallback));

    CCMenu* pNextMenu = CCMenu::menuWithItem(pNextItem);
    CCMenu* pBackMenu = CCMenu::menuWithItem(pBackItem);
    CCMenu* pRestartMenu = CCMenu::menuWithItem(pRestartItem);

    pNextItem->setPosition(ccp(size.width/2 +150, 50));
    pBackItem->setPosition(ccp(size.width/2 - 150, 50));
    pRestartItem->setPosition(ccp(size.width/2 , 50));

    pNextMenu->setPosition(CCPointZero);
    pBackMenu->setPosition(CCPointZero);
    pRestartMenu->setPosition(CCPointZero);

    addChild(pNextMenu,1);
    addChild(pBackMenu, 1);
    addChild(pRestartMenu,1);
}

void BasicActions::onExit()
{
    m_player->release();

    CCLayer::onExit();
}

std::string BasicActions::title()
{
    return "";
}

void BasicActions::nextMenuCallback(CCObject* pSender)
{
    if(index == MAX_INDEX)//已经是最后一个动作，不能再向下浏览
        return ;
    index++;

    CCScene* scene = new CCScene();
    //注意！！此处不能用CCScene::node(),node的释放方式是"autorelease"，会与scene->release()重复
    scene->addChild(runThisTest(index));
    CCDirector::sharedDirector()->replaceScene(scene);
    scene->release();
}

void BasicActions::backMenuCallback(CCObject* pSender)
{
    if(index == 1)//index = 1表示上个动作不存在
        return ;
    index--;

    CCScene* scene = new CCScene();
    //注意！！此处不能用CCScene::node(),node的释放方式是"autorelease"，会与scene->release()重复
    scene->addChild(runThisTest(index));
    CCDirector::sharedDirector()->replaceScene(scene);
    scene->release();
}

void BasicActions::restartMenuCallback(CCObject* psender)
{

    CCScene* scene = new CCScene();

    scene->addChild(runThisTest(index ));
    CCDirector::sharedDirector()->replaceScene(scene);
    scene->release();

接下来，就只需把继承了BasicAction父类的子类全部补充完即可：
[cpp]
//Manual

void ActionManual::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCSize size = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize();

    //m_player->setScaleX(3.0f);//水平拉伸对象
    //m_player->setScaleY(3.0);//垂直拉伸对象
    //m_player->setPosition(ccp(200,200));改变对象的位置
    //m_player->setOpacity(100);//设置透明度
    //m_player->setRotation(120);//对对象进行旋转
    //m_player->setColor(ccc3(255,0,0));//设置对象颜色
}

std::string ActionManual::title()
{
    return "basic action function";
}

//move to / move by
void ActionMove::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCSize size = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize();
    CCActionInterval* moveToAction = CCMoveTo::actionWithDuration(2,ccp(size.width - 50, size.height - 50));
    //CCActionInterval是延时动作，与之对应的是CCActionInstant即时动作
    //CCMoveTo每次执行都到达指定的地点
    //actionWithDuration第一个参数是设置动作的时间（秒），第二个是动作最终的坐标位置
    CCActionInterval* moveByAction = CCMoveBy::actionWithDuration(2,ccp(80, 80));
    //CCMoveBy每次执行，x坐标增加80，y坐标增加80
    CCActionInterval* moveBackAction = moveByAction->reverse();//按相反的方式返回，即x坐标减少80，y坐标减少80

    //m_player->runAction(moveToAction);
    //m_player->runAction(moveByAction);
    //m_player->runAction(moveBackAction);
    m_player->runAction(CCSequence::actions(moveByAction, moveBackAction, NULL));

}

std::string ActionMove::title()
{
    return "MoveTo/MoveBy";
}

//rotate
void ActionRotate::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCActionInterval* actionTo = CCRotateTo::actionWithDuration(2,90);
    CCActionInterval* actionBy = CCRotateBy::actionWithDuration(2,45);
    CCActionInterval* actionReverse = actionBy->reverse();

    //m_player->runAction(actionBy);
    m_player->runAction(CCSequence::actions(actionBy, actionReverse, NULL));
}

std::string ActionRotate::title()
{
    return "Rotate";
}

//jump action
void ActionJump::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCSize size = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize();
    CCActionInterval* actionTo = CCJumpTo::actionWithDuration(2,ccp(size.width - 50, size.height- 50),50,5);
    //第三个参数是跳跃的高度，第四个参数是跳跃的次数
    CCActionInterval* actionBy = CCJumpTo::actionWithDuration(2,ccp(size.width - 50, size.height- 50), 50,5);
    CCActionInterval* actionReverse = actionBy->reverse();

    //m_player->runAction(actionTo);
    //m_player->runAction(actionBy);
    //m_player->runAction(actionReverse);
    m_player->runAction(CCSequence::actions(actionBy, actionReverse, NULL));
}

std::string ActionJump::title()
{
    return "JumpTo / JumpBy";
}

//blink action
void ActionBlink::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCActionInterval* action = CCBlink::actionWithDuration(2,10);
    //第一个参数是动作时间，第二个是闪烁的次数
    m_player->runAction(action);

}

std::string ActionBlink::title()
{
    return "Blink";
}

//fade action
void ActionFade::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCActionInterval* action = CCFadeIn::actionWithDuration(1);
    CCActionInterval* back = action->reverse();

    //CCActionInterval* action = CCFadeOut::actionWithDuration(2);
    //CCActionInterval* back = action->reverse();

    m_player->runAction(CCSequence::actions(action,back,NULL ));

}

std::string ActionFade::title()
{
    return "FadeIn / FadeOut";
}

//tint action
void ActionTint::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCActionInterval* action = CCTintTo::actionWithDuration(2,255,0,255);
    CCActionInterval* back =action->reverse();
    //后面三个参数是三基色
    //m_player->runActin(action);
    m_player->runAction(CCSequence::actions(action, back, NULL));
}

std::string ActionTint::title()
{
    return "Tint";
}

//animate action
void ActionAnimate::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCAnimation* animation = CCAnimation::animation();
    char frameName[100] = {0};

    for(int i = 1; i<=5; i++)
    {
        sprintf(frameName, "player%d.png", i);
        animation->addFrameWithFileName(frameName);
    }

    CCActionInterval* action = CCAnimate::actionWithDuration(3,animation, false);
    m_player->runAction(action);

}

std::string ActionAnimate::title()
{
    return "animate";
}

//sequence action
void ActionSequence::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCSize size = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize();
    CCFiniteTimeAction* action = CCSequence::actions(
        CCMoveTo::actionWithDuration(2,ccp(size.width - 50, size.height - 50)),
        CCRotateBy::actionWithDuration(2,720), NULL);

    m_player->runAction(action);
}

std::string ActionSequence::title()
{
    return "move + rotate";
}

//sequence action2
void ActionSequence2::onEnter()
{
    BasicActions::onEnter();

    CCFiniteTimeAction* action = CCSequence::actions(
        //CCPlace：放置到一个位置,是个即时动作
        CCPlace::actionWithPosition(ccp(300,200)),
        CCShow::action(),
        CCMoveBy::actionWithDuration(1, ccp(100,0)),
        //在游戏中，可能会出现一个角色使用某种技能召唤神兽之类的，一下的函数就是用于此
        CCCallFunc::actionWithTarget(this, callfunc_selector(ActionSequence2::callback1)),//响应callback1事件,此事件召唤一个同伴
        CCCallFunc::actionWithTarget(this, callfunc_selector(ActionSequence2::callback2)), NULL);//此事件弹出一行字

    m_player->runAction(action);
}

std::string ActionSequence2::title()
{
    return "sequence action2";
}

//弹出一个新角色
void ActionSequence2::callback1()
{
    CCSize size = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize();
    CCSprite* pSprite = CCSprite::spriteWithFile("friend.png");
    pSprite->setPosition(ccp(size.width/4, size.height/3));
    addChild(pSprite); www.2cto.com
}
//弹出一行字幕
void ActionSequence2::callback2()
{
    CCSize size = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize();
    CCLabelTTF* label = CCLabelTTF::labelWithString("callback 2 is called", "Arial", 20);
    label->setPosition(ccp(size.width/4 + 200, size.height/3));
    addChild(label);
}