自学PL/SQL第三讲Interacting with the Oracle S
本讲课程目标
1.在PL/SQL块中执行select语句
2.在PL/SQL块中执行DML语句和控制事务
3.使用隐式游标定义PL/SQL块中DML语句的输出
在PL/SQL块中"END;"表示结束PL/SQL块,但并没有结束事务,一个块可以跨越多个事务,一个事务也可以跨越多个块;PL/SQL块中不支持DDL和DCL语句,例如建表,赋予用户权限等.
一:在PL/SQL块中执行select语句
select语句在PL/SQL块中的语法结构如下
SELECT select_list
INTO {variable_name[, variable_name]...
| record_name}
FROM table
[WHERE condition];
范例:
SQL> set serveroutput on SQL> DECLARE 2 v_first_name hr.employees.first_name%TYPE; 3 v_last_name hr.employees.last_name%TYPE; 4 BEGIN 5 SELECT first_name,last_name INTO 6 v_first_name,v_last_name FROM hr.employees 7 WHERE employee_id=100; 8 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_first_name ||' '||v_last_name); 9* END; SQL> / Steven King PL/SQL procedure successfully completed 二.在PL/SQL块中执行DML语句和控制事务
可以在PL/SQL块中使用SQL的函数,自定义的序列号,字段的默认值插入数据
SQL> create table t14703a (id number(5),constraint pk_t14703a primary key(id), 2 location varchar2(30) default 'fuzhou',salary number(8,2)); Table created. SQL> create sequence user_seq 2 increment by 1 3 start with 1 4 maxvalue 99999 5 nocache 6* nocycle Sequence created. SQL> select user_seq.nextval from dual; NEXTVAL ---------- 1 SQL> BEGIN 2 INSERT INTO hr.t14703a 3 (id,location,salary) VALUES 4 (user_seq.nextval,default,'6000'); 5 COMMIT; 6* END; SQL> / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from hr.t14703a; ID LOCATION SALARY ---------- ---------- ---------- 3 fuzhou 6000 SQL> DECLARE 2 v_salary_increase hr.t14703a.salary%TYPE := 500; 3 BEGIN 4 UPDATE hr.t14703a SET salarysalary= salary + v_salary_increase 5 WHERE id=3; 6* END; 7 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from hr.t14703a; ID LOCATION SALARY ---------- ---------- ---------- 3 fuzhou 6500 三.使用隐式游标定义PL/SQL块中DML语句的输出
SQL游标,游标是私有的SQL工作区,有隐式和显式游标两个类型;oracle server使用隐式的游标来执行SQL语句
A cursor is a private SQL work area.
There are two types of cursors:
–Implicit cursors
–Explicit cursors
The Oracle server uses implicit cursors to parse and execute your SQL
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